Medieval European Medical Manuscripts

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Upcoming Meetings

There are no currently scheduled upcoming events.


Past Meetings

  • October 27, 2022

    Elma Brenner (Wellcome Collection), 'Distilling nature and harnessing wellness in late medieval French manuscripts'
    Abstract:
    This paper addresses one category of remedy among the broader spectrum of medical treatments that were fabricated by humans from natural ingredients in later medieval Europe. It focuses on distilled medicinal waters that were often described as ‘artificial’, and were gathered together, read and transmitted in manuscript volumes as well as, from the later fifteenth century, printed books. After reflecting on the popularity and general characteristics of manuscript collections of medicinal and cosmetic remedies, the talk examines a small number of French vernacular manuscripts, now held at Wellcome Collection, that contain instructions for making distilled waters. It considers how the remedies are organised and occasionally illustrated, as well as marginalia and other signs that they were read by contemporaries. It uses the materiality of the manuscript itself as a starting point for reflecting on the multiple forms of matter involved in the production of medicinal waters – from materia medica, to specialised vessels and other apparatus, to the human body that activated the apparatus and ingredients. Attention is also paid to the contribution of distilled waters to the broader efforts of late medieval practitioners and patients to preserve health and harness wellness.

    Biography:
    Dr Elma Brenner is a Research Development Specialist at Wellcome Collection, London, UK, and an associate member of the Centre de recherches archéologiques et historiques anciennes et médiévales at the University of Caen, France (UMR 6273 – CNRS). Her research explores health, religious culture and the history of the book in medieval France and England. Among her publications are Memory and Commemoration in Medieval Culture (co-edited with Meredith Cohen and Mary Franklin-Brown, 2013), Society and Culture in Medieval Rouen, 911–1300 (co-edited with Leonie V. Hicks, 2013), Leprosy and Charity in Medieval Rouen (2015) and Leprosy and Identity in the Middle Ages: From England to the Mediterranean (co-edited with François-Olivier Touati, 2021). She is Co-Editor of Social History of Medicine.

     
     


  • June 16, 2022

    Dr Adrian Plau (Wellcome Collection), 'Global contexts: Jain medical recipes in early Hindi'
    Abstract:
    This talk will explore global contexts to medieval European medical manuscripts by looking to understudied traditions of early modern vernacular medical treatises and recipes from North India currently held by Wellcome Collection. I’ll highlight the historiography of the ‘medieval’ in global contexts and its uses in Western imperialist propaganda and contemporary orientalist discourse, Wellcome Collection’s current work with manuscript cataloguing metadata, and present examples of vernacular North Indian medical manuscripts, including early research on the first-ever medical treatise in Hindi.
    --
    Dr Adrian Plau is Manuscript Collections Information Analyst at Wellcome Collection, working particularly with making the Collection’s global manuscripts more accessible and discoverable to wider audiences. As a 2018-2019 Wellcome Trust Research Bursary-holder, he led a project on the Wellcome Collection’s early Hindi medical manuscripts. His 2018 SOAS PhD presented a critical edition and literary study of the Sitacarit, a vernacular narrative of the seventeenth century that recounts the Ramayana epic from Sita’s perspective. His research has featured in publications such as ReligionsSikh Formations, and the Oxford History of Hinduism. He is a contributor to Digital Orientalist and writes a monthly column on Indian poetry for Asiapunkt. A 2022/23 recipient of the Headley Fellowships with the Art Fund, he is currently building a model for responsible repatriation of global manuscripts from GLAM institutions to source communities based in London.
    (note: session will last an hour).
     


  • May 26, 2022

    Please join us on Thursday 26th May. We are delighted to welcome back Dr Winston Black (St Francis Xavier University), who will speak on “Towards a New Edition of Macer Floridus: Making Sense of Two Hundred Witnesses”. * Please note that this session is one hour long *.

    Abstract:
    The verse herbal of Macer Floridus, De viribus herbarum, was one of the most popular medical texts of the Latin Middle Ages. It survives in over two hundred manuscript witnesses from the twelfth through sixteenth centuries, and was translated into every European vernacular. Despite its ubiquity, the Latin original has been little studied and there has been no edition in nearly two centuries. Ludwig Choulant’s 1832 edition presents an organized herbal of 77 poems, with the implication that this was the work read by medieval students of herbal medicine. This is the work that most scholars of medieval medicine use to understand Macer Floridus, but there are serious flaws with Choulant’s version. For the last decade, Winston Black has been gathering materials toward a new edition of De viribus herbarum, as a successor to his 2012 edition of Henry of Huntingdon’s Latin verse herbal Anglicanus Ortus. In this presentation Dr. Black will share some highlights of his research into the textual traditions and reception of Macer’s herbal, demonstrating that it was not a stable text, differing only in individual readings, but a constantly shifting mosaic of poems, glosses, and commentary designed to fit the needs of the scribe or audience. The kaleidoscopic nature of “Macer” poses significant challenges for the creation of a new edition, and Dr. Black will discuss his goals for an edition worthy of the twenty-first century and explore some questions about the practical and theoretical approaches to publishing such a mercurial text.

    Biography:
    Winston Black is the Gatto Chair of Christian Studies at St. Francis Xavier University in Nova Scotia, Canada, where he pursues research and teaches courses on religion, medicine, and intellectual culture in Medieval Europe. He has published extensively on medieval herbalism, medical manuscripts, and the intersections of theology and medicine in the High Middle Ages. This includes his edition of Henry of Huntingdon’s Latin verse herbal Anglicanus Ortus, the document collection Medicine and Healing in the Premodern West, and the popular volume The Middle Ages: Facts and Fictions. He is currently writing Herbalism and Pharmacy in the Middle Ages: A Case Study for the University of Toronto Press, and co-editing with Dr. Lucy Barnhouse a volume of essays for Trivent Press called Beyond Cadfael: Medieval Medicine and Medical Medievalism, both due out in 2023.

     
     


  • April 28, 2022

    Please join us for our second meeting of 2022. We are delighted to welcome Patrick Outhwaite (University of Groningen), who will speak on 'The Collecting Habits of William Osler: The Library Then and Now'.
     
    Abstract:
    1929 marked the opening of the Osler Library of the History of Medicine and the publication of its original catalogue, the Bibliotheca Osleriana. From its inception, the library had a clear set of aims that were defined by Osler himself and laid forth in the Bibliotheca. William Osler’s ambition was to create a library of significant authors in the history of medicine for teaching purposes. His modest collection of western medieval manuscripts presents a certain cohesion, reflecting the collecting habits and pedagogical aims of one person. This presentation explores the collecting habits of William Osler in comparison to his contemporary, and often auction house rival, Henry Wellcome. Through an investigation of the specific material details of the western medieval manuscripts, this talk reassesses the significance of Osler’s collecting philosophy over a century after his death.

    ** Please note this is a one hour session **


  • March 24, 2022

    The cataloguing of medical manuscripts

    Please join us for our first session of 2022, when Anna Dysert (McGill University Library) and Laura Nuvoloni (Holkham Hall) will explore different approaches to cataloguing medieval European medical manuscripts.

    Laura Nuvoloni, 'Script, hidden decoration, fragmentary foliation and faded inscriptions are the clues: examples from a perplexed cataloguer'

    The aim of manuscript cataloguing is to provide information on the transmission and reception of texts throughout the centuries. It is therefore of paramount importance that the data that we, cataloguers, are able to provide are as correct as possible, regardless of which electronic database or printed catalogue our manuscript descriptions are going to be recorded in. Cataloguing medieval medical manuscripts can be daunting for non-experts in medieval medical history and texts as I was and still am. I soon found out, though, that the manuscripts and their structure, decoration, textual additions, notes and inscriptions offered the clues on how to navigate through the complexity of their texts as well as providing information to their history as individual material objects.
    In my talk I will therefore show the results of my search for clues in some of the medieval medical manuscripts in the Harley collection at the British Library and the Western holdings at Wellcome Collection, with the help of online digital images and facsimiles.

    Laura Nuvoloni is the Curator of Manuscripts and Early Printed Books at Holkham Hall. She previously was Incunabula Cataloguer in the Department of Rare Books at Cambridge University Library (2009-2015), Curator and Cataloguer in the Department of Manuscripts at the British Library (2000-2009), and Assistant Expert in the Department of Western Manuscripts at Sotheby’s London (1998-2000).  She graduated in Italian Philology at the University of Venice, and her specialist field of research is the production of manuscripts in Renaissance Italy with particular regard for their palaeographical, codicological and decorative aspects, and provenance history. She teaches Italian Palaeography at the London International Palaeography School.
    She gained her experience in cataloguing medieval medical manuscripts as Project Officer of the Medieval Medical Harley Manuscripts Project at the British Library (2005-2007) and Consultant Cataloguer of pre-1500 Western Manuscripts and Incunabula at Wellcome Collection (2016 and 2017).

    Anna Dysert, 'Medieval manuscripts in Wikidata'

    This talk will explore emerging work to translate medieval manuscript cataloguing into the Wikidata platform. Wikidata, a sister project to Wikipedia, is an open, community-driven knowledge base of structured and linked information. Linked data works by creating statements with multiple pieces of linked, machine-readable information, as opposed to the text strings used in traditional cataloguing practice, allowing researchers to run highly complex and granular research queries. We will look at linked data principles and specific examples of manuscripts catalogued in Wikidata, and consider the implications for manuscript research and discovery.

    Anna Dysert is an associate librarian at the McGill University Library, where she specializes in rare book and archival cataloguing. She was previously a librarian at the Osler Library of the History of Medicine. She holds an MA from the Centre for Medieval Studies at the University of Toronto and an MLIS in Archival Studies from McGill’s School of Information Studies. Also a student of premodern medical manuscripts, she has an interest in the meeting of manuscript studies and innovations in digital access and metadata models. Current projects include work on the Latin manuscripts of Isaac Israeli’s Universal Diets and on Wikidata in archival and manuscript metadata. She has been the recipient of the Newberry Library/Ecole nationale des chartes Exchange Fellowship and the DeGruyter European Librarianship Study Grant offered by the European Studies Section of the Association of College and Research Libraries.
     


  • February 24, 2022

    We regret that this session, on paratext in manuscripts, has been POSTPONED. It will take place at a later date.


  • December 16, 2021

    Please join us on the 16th December for the next session of the Medieval European Medical Manuscripts working group, with Elma Brenner (Wellcome Collection) and Peter Murray Jones (Cambridge) on the theme of 'People and the medical manuscript: endorsement, authorities, owners, patients'.
     
    The session will feature two papers (details below).
     
    Details:
    'People and the medical manuscript: endorsement, authorities, owners, patients'
    16th December 2021, 4pm-5.30pm (GMT)
     
    'Practitioners, patients and trust in experience' (Peter Murray Jones)
     
    Late medieval manuscripts owned and used by practitioners to record successful medical treatments were not the sort of book regularly preserved in libraries. A few English examples do survive, nevertheless, and the treatments found in these books were generally expressed as case histories or in recipe form. These records bring us as close as we can get as onlookers to the practice of healing. Personal names crop up in these practitioner books to give authority to remedies, to testify to successful practice on patients, to witness to the circulation of recipes, or to remind the practitioner of the circumstances in which remedies were tried out. On the other hand efficacy phrases (e.g. probatum est, experimentum est) might suffice elsewhere to encourage belief in the merits of particular remedies. This talk will focus on one manuscript owned and annotated by Thomas Fayreford (fl. 1425-50), who practised in locations in the south west of England. British Library, Harley MS 2558, contains two ‘tables’ – or remedy collections organised by ailment – written in Fayreford’s hand, one medical, one surgical. The medical one is headed (in Latin) ‘Table on the ‘practica’ written after the ‘Circa instans’ section of this book, collected by Thomas Fayreford and based both on a great deal of experience, and also on what ought to be tried out God willing’. He recorded his remedies indiscriminately in Latin and in Middle English, with a small admixture of Anglo-Norman. His manuscript contains besides his own work a variety of other texts in earlier hands, many of which also had their share of recipes, to say nothing of those added later by owners in the margins or in blank spaces. Harley MS 2558 is available in digital form at http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Harley_MS_2558
     
    Peter Murray Jones is a Fellow of King’s College, Cambridge, and an affiliate of the Department of History and Philosophy of Science in Cambridge. His research has focussed on medicine and alchemy in late medieval England, working primarily with the evidence of surviving manuscripts. He is currently writing a book titled 'The Medicine of the Friars', to be published by York Medieval Press.
     
    'Traces of people in manuscript recipe collections: authorities, scribes and family connections' (Elma Brenner)
     
    While manuscript recipe collections from late medieval Europe are often clothed in anonymity, with no extant information about who compiled the collection or wrote it down, people – whether named or not – actively feature in these compendia. This talk considers the place of people in a small number of vernacular French manuscripts held by Wellcome Collection, focusing above all on Western ms. 626, a parchment and paper volume produced c.1470 containing the Livre des simples meìdecines (the French adaptation of the Circa instans), followed by a collection of recipes and a medical glossary in French, with further recipes in Latin and French by contemporary or later hands. A number of the recipes are attributed to named authorities such as Simon of Pavia; other recipes were composed for named individuals, including Jean de Bourbon, abbot of Cluny between 1456 and 1485. The manuscript itself reflects the interventions of multiple individuals, potentially within a monastic community: the finely written and illuminated Livre des simples meìdecines sits alongside recipes and other texts added by a range of less formal hands, from the late fifteenth century into the sixteenth century. A very different manuscript, Western ms. 221, was begun by a named individual, Étienne Cristian, in 1463 and continued by Antoine Cristian, potentially Étienne’s son or grandson, from 1521. The pocket-sized volume includes notes relating to family history alongside medicinal recipes, suggesting that this was a family compendium of practical medical knowledge and other information. Further recipes, many artisanal in nature, are added by seventeenth-century hands, raising the possibility that further generations of the Cristian family continued to use the notebook. The talk explores the collaborative nature of manuscript recipe collections and the traces left by their creators and users.
     
    Dr Elma Brenner is a Research Development Specialist at Wellcome Collection, London and an associate member of the Centre de recherches archéologiques et historiques anciennes et médiévales at the University of Caen. Her research explores health, religious culture and the history of the book in medieval France and England. Among her publications are 'Memory and Commemoration in Medieval Culture' (co-edited with Meredith Cohen and Mary Franklin-Brown, 2013), 'Society and Culture in Medieval Rouen, 911–1300' (co-edited with Leonie V. Hicks, 2013), 'Leprosy and Charity in Medieval Rouen' (2015) and 'Leprosy and Identity in the Middle Ages: From England to the Mediterranean' (co-edited with François-Olivier Touati, 2021). She is Co-Editor of Social History of Medicine and one of the convenors of the CHSTM working group on Medieval European Medical Manuscripts.


  • October 28, 2021

     
    Gift-giving and Knowledge Exchange in Elite Medical Manuscripts
    Prof Faith Willis
    The springboard for this discussion is a manuscript recently acquired by the Osler Library of the History of Medicine at McGill University. The book was created around 1515, and consists of two parts: a collection of antidota and experimenta in both Latin and French (fols. 1-27), and a regimen of health drawn up by one François Dalais, a physician in the service of the King of France, for the man who commissioned the manuscript. This was François II de Rohan, Archbishop of Lyon (1480-1536). The manuscript was prepared as a gift for the Archbishop's brother, Charles de Rohan-Gié, Vicomte de Fronsac and d'Orbec and governor of Touraine (1478-1528). It is a small but exquisite volume, bound in red velvet, expertly written and richly decorated.
     
    The book, therefore, was a gift of knowledge, at once prestigious and personal. A significant number of the recipes it contains were obtained from other individuals, sometimes explicitly as "gifts". These included members of the nobility and higher clergy (directly or through their employees, e.g. apothecaries and physicians, but also from people of less exalted background (a merchant of Rouen named Jehan Cormer, doctors practicing in Paris or Montpellier), and even unnamed individuals ("dun angloye"). One recipe came from the Archbishop's (and the recipient's) own brother, Pierre, Seigneur de Frontenay, de la Marche et de Gié., andVicomte de Carentan, who perished in the battle of Pavia in 1525. In some respects this is typical of experimenta: the efficacy of a recipe is guaranteed by ("proved"/"approved") by someone's experience, and the higher the status of that "someone", the more valuable the recipe. It is noteworthy that a certain Dr Bernard is frequently identified as the source of a recipes, though a phrase is sometimes added to specify that the treatment is actually "esprouvee" by the Archbishop himself.
     
    The manuscript is therefore at the centre of a complex web of knowledge exchange: from the Archbishop to (and from) his brother(s); from other grandees to the Archbishop; from the doctors or apothecaries to the Archibishop, perhaps via their noble patrons. Even a regimen designed specifically for the Archbishop could be offered to his brother as part of this donation. To extract all the rich social meanings of this volume requires overlapping frameworks of anaysis: traditions of exchanging medical advice amongst elites; communications networks that work both along and across social networks; how oral knowledge becomes written knowledge; Latin and vernacular code-switching; the role of the manuscript book in the age of print; how to resolve the apparent paradox of a "deluxe" manuscript of "practical" medicine; and the locus of medical authority and experience.
    --
    Prof Faith Willis (McGill University) is a historian of medieval Europe, specializing in the history of science and medicine. She has published translations and studies of medieval time-reckoning (computus) and medicine. Her current research focuses on medical education and the transmission of medical knowledge in the 12th century. She is preparing an edition of the earliest commentaries on the Articella, the first anthology of medical texts designed to support formal teaching to be created in Western Europe, for the "Edizione nazionale Scuola Medica Salernitana" (Florence). The Articella marks the birth of academic medicine, and these commentaries allow us to reconstruct the intellectual dynamics of this crucial event. She is also edited the full five-book version of On the natures of things (De naturis rerum) by the English scholar Alexander Neckam (d. 1217), for the series "British Writers of the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period". Prof. Wallis teaches undergraduate and graduate courses in the history of medicine, ancient medicine, medieval medicine, and general medieval history.
    (note: session will last an hour)


  • September 30, 2021

     
    Global contexts: Jain medical recipes in early Hindi - SESSION POSTPONED UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE
    Dr Adrian Plau
    This talk will explore global contexts to medieval medical manuscripts by looking to understudied traditions of early modern vernacular medical treatises and recipes from North India currently held by Wellcome Collection. I’ll highlight the historiography of the ‘medieval’ in global contexts and its uses in Western imperialist propaganda and contemporary orientalist discourse, Wellcome Collection’s current work with manuscript cataloguing metadata, and present examples of vernacular North Indian medical manuscripts, including early research on the first-ever medical treatise in Hindi.
    --
    Dr Adrian Plau is Manuscript Collections Information Analyst at Wellcome Collection, working particularly with making the Collection’s global manuscripts more accessible and discoverable to wider audiences. As a 2018-2019 Wellcome Trust Research Bursary-holder, he led a project on the Wellcome Collection’s early Hindi medical manuscripts. His 2018 SOAS PhD presented a critical edition and literary study of the Sitacarit, a vernacular narrative of the seventeenth century that recounts the Ramayana epic from Sita’s perspective. His research has featured in publications such as Religions, Sikh Formations, and the Oxford History of Hinduism. He is a contributor to Digital Orientalist and writes a monthly column on Indian poetry for Asiapunkt.
    (note: session will last an hour).
     
     


  • August 26, 2021

     
    Practical use of medical manuscripts
    Dr Kathleen Walker-Meikle
     
    What makes a medieval medical manuscript “practical”? Is it a question of genre or a judgement that can only be made on a manuscript by manuscript basis? How do we ascertain contemporary and later readership and use? Is the term ‘practical’ at all useful when examining medieval manuscripts? We started this workshop series with two luxury illuminated recipe collections (Wellcome 626 & Osler’s François II de Rohan ms), how would we classify them? I will be drawing on my work on recipes collections and their later adaptions, poisons literature, and in particular an animal materia medica text, translated from the Arabic, extant in manuscripts ranging from the 13th to the 16th century.
    --
    Dr Kathleen Walker-Meikle's research interests focus on the relationship between animals and humans, particularly in medicine and natural history. She received her PhD from University College London, and published Medieval Pets (Boydell & Brewer, 2012), the first social and cultural study of companion animals in the medieval period. Since then, Kathleen has focused on the history of medicine and its intersections with animals, from snake bites to materia medica. Kathleen has published on medieval toxicology, pharmacology, and disease, and her most recent publication is:  ‘Animals: Their Use and Meaning in Medieval Medicine’, in Iona McCleery, ed., A Cultural History of Medicine in the Middles Ages (Bloomsbury, 2021).
    (Note: session will last an hour).
     


Group Conveners

  • elmabrenner's picture

    Elma Brenner

    Elma Brenner (PhD, LMS) is a Research Development Specialist at Wellcome Collection and Co-Editor of Social History of Medicine. At Wellcome Collection she supports research on the medieval and early modern European collections and leads on work with early career researchers. Her own research focuses especially on health and religious culture in late medieval France and in 2020 she received a Dr. Edward H. Bensley Research Travel Grant from the Osler Library to study the Osler’s newly acquired French manuscript that is a focus of this working group. Her publications include Leprosy and charity in medieval Rouen (2015) and ‘From medieval embroidery to human skin: engaging with remarkable objects from the Wellcome Library’ (2016), and she is co-editor of Leprosy and identity in the Middle Ages: from England to the Mediterranean (forthcoming 2021).

     

  • annadysert's picture

    Anna Dysert

    Anna Dysert is an associate librarian at McGill University Library, where she works as a cataloguer and metadata specialist for rare materials. She holds an MA from the Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Toronto, and an MLIS in Archival Studies from McGill’s School of Information Studies. She is currently working on a doctoral project on the 12th-century Latin manuscripts of Isaac Israeli’s Universal and Particular Diets.

     

  • rossmacf's picture

    Ross MacFarlane

    Ross has worked on cataloguing archives, in outreach and engagement and designed numerous object and collections-based teaching and learning sessions, for a wide range of visiting groups at Wellcome Collection. At the core of his work is a close understanding of archives and other historical sources and a desire to promote the collections at Wellcome to the widest possible array of researchers.

     

  • j.nurse's picture

    Julia Nurse

    Julia Nurse is a Research Development Specialist at Wellcome Collection who currently runs the Exploring Research Seminar programme. With a background in art history and museum studies, her interests focus on the interaction of medicine, science and art within the context of print culturei n the Early Modern period. She sits on the committee of the Herbal History Research Network and has in recent times been focusing on research around the use of plants within herbals from the Medieval to Early Modern periods. She has contributed to numerous exhibitions and digital articles at Wellcome Collection, notably one on Plant Portraits which focused on one of the manuscripts at the heart of the research of this working group. Previously, Julia worked within the Prints and Drawings department at the British Museumas an Assistant Curator.

     

  • faith.wallis@mcgill.ca's picture

    Faith Wallis

    Professor Faith Wallis (Ph.D. Toronto 1985) is Professor Emerita in the Department of History and Classical Studies and the Department of Social Studies of Medicine at McGill University. Her research focuses on the textual and manuscript transmission of medical and scientific knowledge (particularly computus) in the Middle Ages. Her anthology of translated sources, Medieval Medicine: a Reader, was published by University of Toronto Press in 2010. She is presently editing the writings of Bartholomeus ‘of Salerno’, a key figure in the emergence of academic medicine in the twelfth century: Bartholomeus' Isagoge Commentary appeared with SISMEL in 2022. She is a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries.

     

  • MKKYearl's picture

    Mary Yearl

    Mary Hague-Yearl (MLIS, PhD) is the Osler Librarian at the Osler Library of the History of Medicine and an Associate Member of McGill’s Department of Social Studies of Medicine. She wrote her doctoral thesis on the medical and spiritual functions of regular bloodletting in medieval monastic life. In 2020-2021, she has resumed her research as a Folger Institute Fellow, pursuing a project entitled “Bloodletting in the first 150 years of printing: a window into vernacular medicine.” In her work at the Osler Library, she often engages in lessons about representation in medicine; medical ethics; and subcultures of medical knowledge. It is related to this last area that she is most interested in engaging with this working group to discover new approaches to the study of the Library’s recipe books.

     

224 Members