This working group is convened by the International Network for the History of Hospitals (INHH), which exists to promote studies related to the historical evolution of hospitals from their beginnings to the present day by providing an international forum for communication and discussion among scholars interested in the subject. 

Our aim is to provide a platform to examine the various forms of "work" as it relates to the porous nature of hospitals, leprosaria, and similar assistive institutions. Hospitals are reductively seen as short-term care providers. In reality, they are dynamic spaces where the labors of the patients, staff, and even visitors creates community, identity, and purpose. We seek to analyze the intersection of caritive/curative work, the emotional and physical cost of labor which is often gendered, the enforcement of secular and canon laws, mental health and wellness, professional and public education, among others. All of this "work" goes into preserving their history with compassion and accuracy.


The INHH welcomes presenters from any career stage and discipline, including those working in preservation, museums, and independent scholars.

Upcoming Meetings

Tuesday, November 10, 2026, 3:00 - 4:30 am EST

NOTE SPECIAL TIME

Kathryn Tanaka (University of Hyogo) The Fruit of Illness: Politics, Patient Labor and Poetry in Twentieth Century Japanese Leprosaria

In the early twentieth century, the Japanese government established a system of public sanatoria designed to quarantine people diagnosed with Hansen’s disease who had no means of family support. The institutions were founded with the idea patients would be active in maintaining the hospital community, which meant that residents whose cases were relatively less advanced did a variety of jobs around the institution. These ranged from farming and caring for animals to running medical experiments, cleaning bandages, and caring for residents who were seriously ill. Patient labor became a part of daily life, with many residents including references to their work in poetry they wrote. This presentation examines the way patient labor contributed to the community, and the ways in which literature reflects the ways in which people with Hansen’s disease understood labor as both a form of mutual aid in institutional communities and as a source of exploitation by an institution that was understaffed.

Tuesday, December 8, 2026, 11:00 am - 12:30 pm EST

John Henderson (Birkbeck, University of London) Patience, Dedication and Hard Work: Nurses and the Care of the Sick Poor in Early Modern Italian Hospitals

Tuesday, January 12, 2027, 11:00 am - 12:30 pm EST

Reading Group! Come discuss Lee-Ann Monk's Attending Madness: At Work in the Australian Colonial Asylum (Rodopi, 2008).

Tuesday, February 9, 2027, 11:00 am - 12:30 pm EST

Antonio García Belmar (Universidad de Alicante) Forms and Meanings of Work in the Fontilles Leprosarium [ongoing heritage project: https://www.fontillesciutatamagada.com/en/home/]

Tuesday, March 9, 2027, 11:00 am - 12:30 pm EST

Anna Peterson (Independent Scholar) Doing the Leg Work: Papal Legates and the Enforcement of Quia Contigit in Narbonnese Hospitals (1330s)

Tuesday, April 13, 2027, 11:00 am - 12:30 pm EDT

Uğurgül Tunç (McGill University) Gendering Medical Labour in the Twentieth Century Across Geographies

Tuesday, May 11, 2027, 11:00 am - 12:30 pm EDT

Kathleen Vongsathorn (Southern Illinois University Edwardsville) Work in Twentieth-Century Ugandan Leprosaria

Tuesday, June 8, 2027, 11:00 am - 12:30 pm EDT

Reading Group! Sethina Watson, On Hospitals: Welfare, Law, and Christianity in Western Europe, 400-1320 (Oxford University Press, 2020).

Tuesday, July 13, 2027, 11:00 am - 12:30 pm EDT

Lighting talks by Early Career Researchers to showcase of up-and-coming research in the field of hospital history. 

Past Meetings

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Elma Brenner (Wellcome Collection) Work in Medieval French Hospitals and Leprosaria

While medieval European hospitals for the sick poor and leprosaria were sites of healing and palliative care, these institutions were also productive participants in local economies. The notion of work was central to the core mission of hospitals and leprosaria, since their staff and benefactors sought to fulfil the Christian works of mercy, especially tending the sick, feeding the hungry, clothing the naked and providing shelter. Within the hospital, these activities ranged from spiritual care to physically demanding labour – laundering clothing and sheets, providing personal care to disabled patients, preparing daily meals for both sick residents and staff. Yet French hospital and leprosarium statutes and archival documents from the 13th to 15th centuries reveal that other activities took place in spaces specifically designated for work, especially textile crafts. Reflecting also on the popularity of textile crafts in medieval French nunneries, the paper considers the function of such productive work, from generating income to providing staff and patients with a fulfilling and rehabilitative occupation. It also examines how this work contributed to discipline, regulation and control in these communities.  

Dr Elma Brenner is a Research Development Lead at Wellcome Collection, London, UK, and an associate member of the Universities of Caen and Rouen, France. Her research investigates health, Christian religious culture, manuscript culture and early print in medieval France and England. She is Co-Editor of the journal Social History of Medicine and co-convener of the working group on Medieval European Medical Manuscripts of the Consortium for History of Science, Technology and Medicine.

Group Conveners

Photo of Barry Doyle, smiling, in front of a Lake District lake and mountains.

Barry Doyle

I am an historian of health who focuses on the development of hospitals, especially their finance, management and control, with my original research addressing cities in northern England, including a book, The Politics of Hospital Provision in Early Twentieth Century Britain. I am very interested in comparative history, completing projects on hospitals in England and France and in Central Europe between the wars. This led to an EU funded COST Action grant, National, International and Transnational Histories of Healthcare, 1850-2000 (EuroHealthHist), of which I am the Chair. My current interest is in the development of healthcare in colonial and post-colonial British and French West Africa in the twentieth century. In addition to the COST project and research on West Africa, I work on First Aid in Britain and France in the Twentieth Century with Dr Rosemary Cresswell, of Oxford University.

 

John Henderson

John Henderson is a social and medical historian of renaissance and early modern Italy. His books include Florence Under Siege: Surviving Plague in an Early Modern City (2019); Plague and the City, edited with Lukas Engelmann and Christos Lynteris (2019); and Representing Infirmity: Diseased Bodies in Renaissance Italy, edited with Fredrika Jacobs and Jonathan K. Nelson (2021). He is also the author of Piety and Charity in Late Medieval Florence (1994); The Great Pox: The French Disease in Renaissance Europe, with Jon Arrizabalaga and Roger French (1997); and The Renaissance Hospital: Healing the Body and Healing the Soul (2006). Most recently he has published The French Disease in Renaissance Italy. Representation and Experience (2024); and Medical Theory and Practice in Early Modern Italy, co-edited with Sandra Cavallo (2025).

 

Anna Peterson

Anna M. Peterson is an independent researcher whose work focuses on corruption and accountability in hospitals and leprosaria, especially in southwestern Europe, and the healthscaping policies of religious and secular authorities. Additionally, she also studies the social and cultural perceptions of leprosy and its sufferers in the Middle Ages. She is currently a working member for the project Mujeres y Culturas de la Belleza: de Trota de Salerno a Marie Meurdrac/Women's Beauty Cultures: from Trota of Salerno to Marie Meurdrac (WOMENSBEAUT) (PID2024-159676NB-I00), with Prof. Montserrat Cabré (Universidade de Cantabria). 

In 2017, she was awarded her PhD in medieval history from the University of St Andrews. Her thesis, ‘A Comparative Study of the Hospitals and Leprosaria in Narbonne, France and Siena, Italy (1080-1348),’ analyses the development of assistive institutions in these cities, focusing on their relationship with religious and secular bodies as well as responses to corruption. She was awarded a Mellon Fellowship at the Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies (Toronto) from 2018-2019. She is also the co-founder of Leprosy and the ‘Leper’ Reconsidered. Recently, she has written a study of language and the ‘construction’ of the leper in municipal and legal texts in Leprosy and Identity in the Middle Ages (2021) and co-authored a chapter on healthscaping in Siena in Disease and the Environment in the Medieval and Early Modern Worlds (2022). She is currently the Vice-President of Medica: the Society for the Study of Healing in the Middle Ages, as well as a co-editor of the book series Medica: Studies in Pre-Modern Health and Healing (Routledge).

 

53 Members

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Frog

Horned Toad by Wilhelm Gottlieb Tilesius von Tilenau (1769-1857)