This project examines how Edo-period Japan (1603–1868) visualized the body through two seemingly divergent genres: erotic shunga prints and Western -influenced anatomical illustrations. Despite their coexistence since the 18th century, these genres have been studied separately. This comparative analysis investigates how visual representation shaped bodily knowledge through different epistemological frameworks: shunga’s celebration of the body within Daoist health concepts versus anatomical texts’ mechanical approach grounded in empirical dissection. By placing artistic and medical images in dialogue, this project reveals how gender, sexuality, and medical knowledge were constructed through visual means, challenging modern boundaries between art and medical science while contributing to transcultural understanding of body visualization.