This project examines how the "womb maladies" (zigong bing 子宮病), a diagnostic category absent from traditional Chinese medicine, emerged as a ubiquitous framework for understanding female health and the body in China (1900s–1940s). Rather than a passive reception of Western biomedical knowledge or an indigenous invention, the rise of womb maladies represents a strategic reassembly of fragmented global discourses on uterine pathology. By analyzing medical texts, legal cases, newspapers, and women's writings, this study traces how physicians across medical traditions, pharmaceutical companies, and patients deployed the interpretive flexibility of womb maladies to explain bodily uncertainty, resolve legal and clinical disputes, mask illicit practices, and negotiate competing medical authorities. In pathologizing the womb as perpetually vulnerable, these discourses ultimately constructed a new vision of womanhood that transformed how the female body was understood, treated, and experienced in everyday life.