My work as a historian of technology, with advanced degrees also in physics and philosophy, concerns debates about the “consequences” of technology in society and the roles that engineers play in them. Engineers developed at key historical moments political and philosophical theories of technology, evaluating the civic and technological cultures of their time and deliberating how to govern their rapidly industrializing nation states. Such debates continue to this day and have recently included questions about post-industrial, digital, “bio-,” “info-,” “nano-,” and AI technologies, and their effects on human relations and economies. I discuss this matter specifically for the period of the so-called “Second” Industrial Revolution.